Introduction: Depression is a highly prevalent pathology in the elderly, associated to higher morbimortality. There are few studies on prevalence and characterization of hospitalized geriatric patients with depressive symptoms. Method: Patients were interviewed between january and april 2020. Inclusion criteria: age over 60 years old, admitted in the last 48 hours. Exclusion criteria: Pfeiffer ≥ 3, Glasgow < 15, aphasias, mental diseases, no spanish-speaker. Results: 59 patients were interviewed, 32 women and 27 men, mean age of 73,32 (DE 6.63) years old. Positive Yesavage score prevalence was 32,20% (19), 52,63% (10) in women and 47,37% (9) in men. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms in patients admitted to an Internal Medicine service are frequent, and often undetected during hospitalization.

Resumen Introducción: La depresión es una patología de alta prevalencia en los adultos mayores, estando asociada a mayor morbimortalidad. Existen escasos estudios sobre prevalencia y caracterización de pacientes geriátricos hospitalizados con síntomas depresivos. Método: Se entrevistaron pacientes entre enero y marzo de 2020. Criterios de Inclusión: edad > 60 años, admitidos en las últimas 48 horas. Criterios de Exclusión: Pfeiffer ≥ 3, Glasgow < 15, afasia, enfermedad mental, no hispanohablante. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 59 pacientes, 32 mujeres y 27 varones, edad promedio 73,32 (DE 6,63). La prevalencia de test Yesavage-15 positivo fue 32,20% (19), 52,63% (10) en mujeres y 47,37% (9) en hombres. Conclusiones: Los síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores admitidos en un Servicio de Medicina Interna son frecuentes, y no siempre pesquisados durante la hospitalización. La relación significativa entre Yesavage positivo e ideación suicida destaca el rol de los trastornos del ánimo en el suicidio en población geriátrica.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon. It is estimated that by 2050, one of five persons will be aged ≥60 years. In Chile, 15.8% of the population is now aged ≥60 years, and this figure will reach 30.7% by 2050. In 2006, a national program was implemented to provide assistive devices to older adults aged ≥65 years with limited mobility or difficulty performing activities of daily living. To date, there have been no assessments of the program’s effectiveness. OBJECTIVE Assess the effectiveness of an assistive devices policy in Chile on improving functional capacity of older adults aged ≥65 years, and beneficiaries’ perceptions of the services received, including changes in their quality of life. METHODS This was a before–after longitudinal study. A cohort of 309 persons was recruited, consisting of patients who received care at a public hospital in Santiago, Chile during 2014–2015. They were assessed before delivery of assistive devices, then followed for seven months, with repeated evaluations made in their homes. The following indicators were measured: functional capacity (Tinetti scale and Barthel Index); changes in perceived quality of life related to use of assistive devices; and other sociodemographic, clinical and protocol-compliance variables. A longitudinal analysis of before–after progress was carried out, as well as a description of service delivery and medical followup. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of those surveyed were women; median age was 74 years, average schooling was 6 years, and 93% had low income (monthly income <US$398). Assistive devices increased independence in activities of daily living, improved mobility and perceived quality of life, and decreased fall risk and pain. One hundred percent felt satisfied with the service received, 91% were trained in use of the device, and delivery deadlines were met in 83% of cases, but only 2% were followed up. One negative aspect is that the program covers only 25% of estimated need. CONCLUSIONS This assistive device program helps improve functional capacity and perceived quality of life in vulnerable patients who are able to access it. It addresses a real need and is highly valued by patients. Although delivery schedules were fulfilled, followup care schedules were not.

Introduction: Achilles tendon ruptures have increased considerably in recent years. Treatment of these lesions can be either conservative or surgical. Despite extensive literature, no gold standard exists. Surgical options include open surgery, mini-open surgery and percutaneous technique. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation and to report surgical results and complications in patients with ruptured Achilles tendon treated surgically with percutaneous technique. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out. Adult patients were included, and clinical and epidemiological data were obtained. All patients were operated on with percutaneous technique using the Dresden Instrument. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled. All presented pain, and 92% had also associated Thompson's sign and palpable gap. Complementary images were requested in 7 patients (12%). Average time until surgery was 4.28 days. Seven patients presented minor post-operative complications. Conclusions: Achilles tendon ruptures are a prevalent pathology in older active population and weekend athletes. Diagnosis is mostly clinical; however, some patients may require complementary images for diagnosis. Strong evidence in the literature suggests that surgical treatment is superior to the classic conservative treatment. In comparison with open surgery, percutaneous technique has shown better aesthetic results and fewer complications.

Las roturas del tendón de Aquiles han aumentado considerablemente en los últimos años. El tratamiento de estas lesiones puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Pese a la vasta literatura, no existe un "patrón de referencia" para el tratamiento de estas lesiones. Las opciones quirúrgicas incluyen la cirugía abierta, mini-invasiva y técnica percutánea. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la presentación clínica y mostrar los resultados quirúrgicos y las complicaciones en pacientes con rotura del tendón de Aquiles tratados con técnica percutánea. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos y se obtuvieron datos clínicos y epidemiológicos. Todos fueron operados con técnica percutánea con raquetas de Dresden. Resultados: Se incluyó a 60 pacientes. Todos tenían dolor y el 92% presentaba también signo de Thompson y brecha palpable. A 7 pacientes (12%) se les solicitaron imágenes complementarias. El tiempo promedio hasta la cirugía fue de 4.28 días. Siete pacientes sufrieron complicaciones posoperatorias menores. Conclusiones: Las roturas del tendón de Aquiles son una patología prevalente en la población activa de mayor edad y en deportistas de fin de semana. El diagnóstico es clínico; sin embargo, algunos pacientes pueden requerir imágenes complementarias para el diagnóstico. La evidencia nos demuestra que el tratamiento quirúrgico es superior al tratamiento conservador clásico. En comparación con la técnica abierta, la técnica percutánea logra mejores resultados estéticos y menos complicaciones.

En Colombia existe una diversidad de ovinos, denominados ovinos criollos, resultado del cruce de diferentes razas, desde la época de la colonización y que se adaptaron a diferentes regiones del país. En el caso particular de este estudio, se hace referencia a los ovinos criollos de pelo, que se acomodaron a las condiciones biogeográficas de la Costa Caribe colombiana. Estos animales, por su adaptabilidad, han tenido un importante papel en el desarrollo de la ovinocultura del país; sin embargo, es muy poca la información que se tiene, a nivel nacional, sobre las características crecimiento de la raza o especie. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la curva de crecimiento de dos poblaciones de ovinos criollos del trópico bajo colombiano, a través del uso del modelo no lineal Gompertz. Se utilizaron 55 animales, con 13 pesajes cada uno, perteneciente a dos sistemas de producción del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se realizó un ajuste del modelo, mediante el procedimiento NLIN de Statistical Analysis Software (SAS), para la estimación de los parámetros del modelo. Se estimó β0, β1 y β2, cuyos valores fueron 25,97 ± 9,3, 2,1 ± 0,5 y 0,010 ± 0,004, respectivamente. Los estimados de madurez a los 4 y 6 meses fueron de 55,8 y 70,6%, respectivamente, y la edad al 75 de madurez fue de 7,0 meses y al 95% de madurez, de 13,1 meses. El modelo de Gompertz permitió describir el crecimiento de ovinos criollos, en condiciones de pastoreo, en el trópico bajo.

The Colombian Creole sheep has an important role in the development of sheep farming in the country, as this breed is distributed in most of the territory, being animals with significant features that make it widely used in farms with different productive purposes. To assess growth characteristics in animals have been used mathematical models, which describe the relationship between the age of the animal, its rate of growth and maturity. These models are equations that allow the construction of continuous curves of one biological variable according to another. This study aimed to determine the growth curve of two populations of crossbred sheep through the use of nonlinear Gompertz model. 55 animals with 13 measures of weight each were used, pertaining to two production systems of the department of Córdoba, Colombia. Estimaste for β0, β1 y β2 were 25.97 ± 9.3, 2.1 ± 0.5 and 0.010 ± 0.004, respectively. Estimates of maturity at 4 and 6 months were 55.8 and 70.6%, respectively; age 75% of maturity was of 7.0 months and at 95% of maturity was of 13.1 months. Gompertz model allowed describing the growth of creole sheep in conditions of grazing in the low tropics.

The eastern Pacific black ghost shark, Hydrolagus melanophasma is reported from deep waters off Chile and is described from specimens collected off Valdivia at depths of 1150 to 1720 m. This species is distinguished from all other members of the genus by its large, curved dorsal fin spine, which extends beyond the dorsal fin apex; a second dorsal fin of uniform height along the caudal peduncle; large pectoral fins extending beyond the pelvic fin insertion; and a uniform black color of the body. Catch records of this species in Chile suggest a discontinuous distribution along the continental slope of the eastern Pacific Ocean, restricted to the Middle America and Atacama trenches. These observations elevate the number of chimaeroid fishes inhabiting Chile to five species.

La quimera negra del Pacífico este, Hydrolagus melanophasma es reportada desde aguas profundas frente a Chile y se describe a partir de especímenes colectados en Valdivia en profundidades ente 1150 y 1720 m. Esta especie se diferencia de los otros miembros del género por su larga y curvada espina dorsal, la cual se extiende más allá del ápice de la aleta dorsal; presenta una segunda aleta dorsal de altura uniforme a lo largo del pedúnculo caudal; grandes aletas pectorales que se proyectan sobre la inserción de las aletas pélvicas, además de su coloración negra uniforme en el cuerpo. Los registros de captura de esta especie en Chile sugieren una distribución discontinua a lo largo del talud continental del océano Pacifico este, restringido a las fosas oceánicas de Atacama y Mesoamérica. Estas observaciones aumentan a cinco el número de especies de peces Chimaeriformes que habitan aguas chilenas.

Introduction: Impulsiveness and aggressiveness are characteristics of borderline personality disorders. Aggressive and impulsive behaviors are associated to a serotoninergic system dysfunction and are treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRJs). The short (S) allele of the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTPR) gene is associated to a worse response to SSRI in major depression. The objective of this work is to study the anti-impulsive effect of fluoxetine and his relation with short and long alleles of 5-HTTPR gene in borderline personality disordered patients. Method: 59 patients with DSM-IV borderline personality disorder were treated with fluoxetine for 12 weeks. Impulsivity was evaluated with the Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M). Polymorphisms L and S of the 5-HTTPR gene were determined. Results: S carriers (LS and SS) had a significantly minor response on OAS-M and Aggression subscale than LL carriers. Conclusions: S allele of the 5-HTTPR gene predicts poor response to anti-impulsive effect of fluoxetine in borderline personality disorder. It is likely that multiple genes contribute to a SSRI response.

Introducción: Los trastornos límite de personalidad se caracterizan por una elevada impulsividad y agresividad. Las conductas agresivas e impulsivas se han asociado a disfunciones del sistema serotoninérgico y responden a los inhibidores de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS). En depresión mayor el alelo corto (S) del promotor del gene del transportador de serotonina se asocia a pobre respuesta a los ISRS. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el efecto anti-impulsivo de serotonina y su relación con los alelos LyS en pacientes con trastorno límite de personalidad. Método: 59 pacientes con trastorno límite de personalidad fueron tratados por 12 semanas confluoxetina. Se evaluó la impulsividad mediante la Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M)yse determinó los polimorfismos LyS. Resultados: Los portadores de S (LS y SS) presentaron una menor reducción en la OAS-M total y en la subescala de agresividad que los homocigotos LL. Conclusiones: En trastorno límite de personalidad el alelo S del promotor del gene del transportador de serotonina predice pobre respuesta anti-impulsiva de lafluoxetina. Probablemente múltiples genes participen en la respuesta a los ISRS.

Background: Gastric cancer is the first cause of death by cáncer in Chile. Quality of Life is a multidimensional construct that explores functionality and well-being, including physiological, psychological and social aspects. Aim: To assess Quality of Life of patients operated for gastric cancer. Patients and methods: The European Organization Research and Treatment of Cáncer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-30), translated into Spanish, was applied to 33 patients, aged 42 to 82 years (25 males), subjected to curative total or subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer, between January 2004 and December 2006. Results: The average lapse from the moment of the surgical intervention to the interview, was 52.2 weeks. Fifty five percent perceived their Quality of Life in the "good" category. Male patients and those with less than 6 months of surgery, obtained better scores in psychological aspects of quality of life. Conclusions: A high percentage of patients operated for gastric cancer qualified their quality of life as good in spite of the severity of the underlying disease and invasiveness of the intervention. This is probably explained by the importance of psychological factors that influence quality of life.

Antecedentes. El tabaquismo puede considerarse como una pandemia. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo correlacional en el que participaron 237 estudiantes de los semestres I a X de todas las facultades de la Universidad de Manizales inscritos durante el primer período académico del año 2007. Todos respondieron una encuesta que incluyó además los cuestionarios de Glover Nilsson, Fagerström y de Richmond. Resultados. Según criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud se encontró que el 41 por ciento de los encuestados son fumadores (37.6% habituales y 3.4% esporádicos), con proporciones iguales por género; el 58.2 por ciento son no fumadores, el 0.8 por ciento son exfumadores y el 38.9 por ciento fuman de 1-3 cigarrillos por día. El 86.6 por ciento de los fumadores adquirió este hábito antes de ingresar a la Universidad, la mayoría de ellos (77.9%) entre los 12 y 17 años de edad. En todas las facultades predominaron los No fumadores, excepto en Comunicación Social, Educación y Medicina. El 46 por ciento cree que debería haber un área permanente de No fumadores en las cafeterías de la Universidad. La mayoría de fumadores de la UM tienen una baja o moderada motivación para abandonar este hábito. Conclusiones. Se requiere con urgencia la implementación de medidas que promuevan la prevención en la adquisición de este hábito y la promoción para su cesación.

Background. Smoking may be viewed as a pandemic. Materials and methods. Descriptive study with a sample of 237 students enrolled from I to X semester of all schools in Universidad de Manizales during the first academic period of the year 2007. All of them were randomly assigned to answer a questionnaire which included Glover Nilsson, Fargerström and Richmond tests. Results. According to WHO criteria, 41 percent of the students are smokers (37.6% regular and 3.4% sporadic) with equal proportions between sexes, 58.2 percent were non-smokers, 0.8 percent ex-smokers and 38.9 percent smoke 1-3 cigarettes a day. 86.6 percent of smokers started his habit before getting into the University; most of them (77.9%) between 12 and 17 years of age. In most of the schools non-smokers are majority, with exception of social Communications, education and medicine. 46 percent believes that hould exist a permanent non smoking area in the University cafeterias. The majority of the smokers has low or moderate motivation to quit smoking. Conclusions. Is urgent to establish preventive actions to in the acquisition of smoki habit and to promote its cessation in every one students.

The fixation, conservation and preservation techniques, with academic and didactic aims, look for the way to find substances that maintain, as far as it is possible, the natural state of the body or organs, permeating the tissues, allowing an easy assembly, providing a detailed information and offering a three-dimensional view of the structures.The objective of the research was the view of angioarchitecture of the human placenta. The samples used were taken from the Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Unidad de Partos, del Hospital Hernán Enríquez Aravena, de Temuco, IX Región, Chile. All placentas were of a completed gestation condition, of single and normal childbirths.The placentas were injected with hardening solutions, and subject to corrosion with hydrochloric acid 32,4 %. This allowed the creation of a pattern of arteries and veins. Our results confirm that this technique can be useful in teaching and investigation, in view of the low costs and excellent results in the macroscopic visualization of the vascular plot of the human placenta

Las técnicas de fijación, conservación y preservación, con fines didácticos y académicos, buscan la manera de encontrar sustancias que mantengan, dentro de lo posible, el estado natural del cuerpo u órganos, penetrando en los tejidos y permitiendo un fácil montaje, proporcionando información detallada y una visión tridimensional de las estructuras. Se planteó como objetivo del trabajo la visualización de la angioarquitectura de placenta humana, de gestación a término, partos normales, únicos, perteneciente al Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Unidad de Partos, del Hospital Hernán Enríquez Aravena, de Temuco, IX Región, Chile. Estas fueron inyectadas a través de los vasos placentarios con resina acrílica autopolimerizable, realizando luego, una corrosión por 11 días con HCL al 32,4 %, siendo hidrolizado completamente el parénquima y el estroma de la placenta, obteniéndose el molde de los vasos. Nuestros resultados confirmaron que esta técnica es útil en docencia e investigación, dado los bajos costos y excelente visualización macroscópica de la trama vascular de la placenta humana